πŸ•°Clock & calendar

Not holidays β€” artefacts. The days that exist because of how we keep time rather than what we celebrate.

βœ“ Tested & verified Updated: How we calculate this

Days the calendar invented

Nobody decided to celebrate Friday the 13th, and no parliament voted for leap day. These dates exist because of the machinery of timekeeping itself β€” the mismatch between the earth’s orbit and a whole number of days, the decision to shift the clocks twice a year, the way a seven-day week slides across a month of thirty-one days.

They are still worth counting down to, and for more practical reasons than the holidays. A daylight saving change costs or gives you an hour of sleep and quietly breaks every recurring alarm you own. Leap day decides whether a February 29 birthday exists this year. And if you run anything on a schedule, the fortnight each spring and autumn when the US and Europe are an hour further apart than usual is the fortnight your calls land in the wrong slot.

Rules, not lists

Everything in this group is calculated from a rule rather than looked up in a table, and that is deliberate. A stored list of daylight saving dates would need maintaining every year and would silently run out; a rule keeps working. The rules themselves are short: the second Sunday in March and the first Sunday in November in the United States, the last Sunday in March and the last Sunday in October across the European Union and the United Kingdom. Leap years are every four years, except century years, except centuries divisible by four hundred.

The one thing a rule cannot survive is a change in the law, and here that is a live risk. The European Union has voted more than once to abolish the seasonal clock change without ever setting a date, and several US states have passed permanent-daylight-time bills that need federal approval to take effect. If either lands, the rules on this page change with it β€” which is why the source for each one is linked rather than paraphrased.

Frequently asked questions

When do the clocks change where I am?

In the United States, on the second Sunday in March and the first Sunday in November. In the European Union and the United Kingdom, on the last Sunday in March and the last Sunday in October. The two do not line up, so for a few weeks each spring and autumn the usual time difference between them is an hour out.

Why is there a leap day at all?

A year is about 365.2422 days. Adding a day every four years overcorrects slightly, so century years are skipped unless they divide by 400 β€” which is why 1900 was not a leap year and 2000 was. The next skipped one is 2100.

How often does Friday the 13th happen?

At least once a year and at most three times, depending on which day January 1 falls on and whether it is a leap year. The countdown always points at the next one.

How we calculate this

Daylight saving dates are calculated from the rule in force in each region, not from a stored list: the second Sunday in March and first Sunday in November for the United States under the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October for the European Union and the United Kingdom. Leap years follow the Gregorian rule β€” divisible by four, except century years not divisible by 400. Friday the 13th and similar calendar curiosities are found by walking the calendar forward from today rather than from a table, so they cannot run out. Every derived date is verified against the weekday it lands on before release.

Sources:

Other countdown groups

What is coming up

Every date we track that falls inside your window β€” so a birthday, a bank holiday or a deadline never arrives as a surprise.

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